Aztec Turquoise Mask of Xiuhtecuhtli Taken by Spanish Conquistador Reveals Ancient Violent Ritual

A Sixteenth-century masks, believed to symbolise the Aztec fireplace god Xiuhtecuhtli, has been displayed on the British Museum in London. Crafted from Spanish cedar and adorned with turquoise mosaic, mother-of-pearl eyes, gold rims, and conch shell enamel, the artefact is taken into account a exceptional instance of Aztec artistry. Measuring 16.8 centimetres tall, its intricate particulars embody small temple holes suggesting it might have been worn or mounted. Inside, cinnabar, a mercury-rich mineral, traces the masks.

Historical Origins and Significance

The masks is assumed to have originated in Mesoamerica between 1400 and 1521, through the peak of the Aztec Empire. Scholars affiliate it with treasures seized by Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés throughout his conquest. Xiuhtecuhtli, often called the “turquoise lord” within the Nahuatl language, was central to Aztec mythology because the god of fireplace and renewal.

Central to Aztec rituals was the “new fireplace ceremony,” held each 52 years. As narrated by the British Museum, throughout this ritual, the holy fireplace was extinguished throughout the land and reignited by clergymen. A sacrificial sufferer performed a pivotal position on this renewal ceremony, with flames being kindled on their chest earlier than their coronary heart was supplied to the hearth. Masks like this one are believed to have been integral to such ceremonies.

Interpreting the Mask’s Iconography

The masks’s design incorporates darker turquoise items forming a butterfly motif, one other image of renewal in Aztec tradition. While it’s extensively attributed to Xiuhtecuhtli, consultants counsel it’d as a substitute depict Nanahuatzin, the wart-faced deity who mythologically turned the solar after self-sacrifice. The ambiguity surrounding its illustration displays the advanced symbolism inside Aztec artwork.

The turquoise masks stands as a vivid hyperlink to Aztec civilisation’s religious practices, providing insights into their cultural emphasis on fireplace, renewal, and transformation.